We may not always think of it in these terms, but the skin is the human body’s largest organ. It provides a barrier for our internal organs, helps us regulate temperature and much more. Yet, we often use it to “protect” us from the elements and forget that our skin itself is a part of us that needs protection, too.
More people are diagnosed each year with skin cancer than all other cancers combined, according to the Skin Cancer Foundation. Rates of skin cancer diagnoses have increased significantly since the 1990s. During the summer months, when many Americans are more likely to be outdoors more often, it’s important to take steps to mitigate not only the risk of sunburn but also the risk of long-term skin damage.
According to Dr. Renee Grau, SSM Health Dermatology, the basic types of skin cancer are:
- Basal cell carcinoma: This is the most common form of skin cancer. It can occur on any part of the skin but is often on areas that have been exposed to the sun significantly over time. It usually appears as a raised, waxy pink or flesh-colored bump. It can also present as a bump which does not heal and bleeds easily.
- Squamous cell carcinoma: This is the second most common skin cancer and is more aggressive compared to basal cell. It appears as a red, scaly growth and is most commonly found on the hands, head, neck, lower lip, ears and legs. It also can present as a non-healing growth that easily bleeds.
- Melanoma: This is one of the deadliest skin cancers if not detected and treated early. It is typically dark in color but can present as a non-healing, flesh-colored growth. It can present in a previously existing mole which has changed or in a new growth. It can occur on any part of the skin including the sole of the foot or between toes. Typically, the area of highest risk for male patients is the back; for female patients this is the legs, especially the shins and calves.
- Asymmetry (one half of the mole or growth doesn't match the other)
- Border irregularity (growth is notched or jagged)
- Color that is not uniform (can be various shades of brown, black, brown or blue)
- Diameter greater than 6 mm (about the size of a pencil eraser)
- Evolving (changes in size, shape or color)
There’s much misinformation out there about the best ways to take care of your skin, so identifying the best path for yourself can be confusing. Dr. Grau has offered thoughts on a few frequently asked questions, including:
Am I at risk for skin cancer?
Yes. Even if you don’t burn or believe your skin tolerates sun exposure easily, you can still be at risk of developing skin cancer. People of all races, ethnicities and skin colors can develop the condition. However, family history, lifetime sun exposure, a suppressed immune system, and fair eyes and skin are risk factors.
What can I do to decrease my chances of developing skin cancer?
There are no guaranteed methods of avoiding skin cancer, but there are habits you can develop to mitigate risk:
- Slather on sunscreen: Never leave home without it! Even your commute to work exposes you to the sun’s rays.
- Quit smoking: Smoking damages the skin’s collagen and elastin, making it weaker and more vulnerable to wrinkles and sun damage.
- Eat up: Your diet can also affect your skin’s ability to deflect sunlight. Stock up on foods high in vitamin C, such as oranges, strawberries, green tea and pumpkin.
- Keep an eye out: Be intentional about looking at your skin every month, using a mirror or another person to assist in looking at your back.
How do I know which sunscreen is right for me?
Broad-spectrum sunscreens with SPFs of 30 or higher are recommended; broad-spectrum simply means the product protects against both UVA and UVB rays, both of which have been tied to skin cancer. Remember to apply liberally according to the directions on the packaging. The best approach is to avoid the sun altogether, especially during the peak times of 10 am to 4 pm. Supplement your sunscreen use with hats, umbrellas and sunglasses.
Even if you don’t think you’ve had much sun exposure, it’s always best to stay vigilant and visit your primary care provider or dermatologist for a periodic skin check-up. When in doubt, check it out!
