The benefits of spending time outside are numerous, but it’s important to always remember to protect skin from overexposure to the sun.
Skin cancer is the most commonly cancer diagnosed in the United States, impacting the lives of approximately 6.1 million Americans each year. “It is often too much exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays that causes skin cancer,” said SSM Health Dermatologist Dr. Nasreen Bowhan. Ultraviolet rays are naturally produced by the sun, but can also be man-made, like in a tanning bed.
Although it is impossible to completely avoid exposure to UV rays, there are steps that can help to keep you safe, such as:
- Choosing a sunscreen that has a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of 30 to 50 and offers protection from UV-A and UV-B rays. Mineral sunscreen containing zinc or titanium work the best, are not absorbed by the body, and do not cause environmental damage.
- Reapplying sunscreen 30 minutes before sun exposure and continuing to reapply through the day. Most require re-application after 80 to 90 minutes of sun exposure. Read each bottle for instructions.
- Limiting your sun exposure when UV is the highest (late morning through early afternoon).
- Identifying and utilizing shaded areas to rest and relax.
- Wearing hats, sunglasses, and UV-blocking shirts or swimsuit coverups, if able.
- Avoiding use of tanning booths or other sources of artificial UV light.
There are three main types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. Melanoma is especially serious because it can spread aggressively and affect other organs. “The signs of skin cancer include moles that are changing, asymmetric, more than two colors or shades, irregular in shape or border. Other indicators include bumps that bleed very easily or grow rapidly,” Dr. Bowhan said.
Everyone is at risk for developing skin cancer, but some have an even higher risk due to factors such as:
- Previous case(s) of skin cancer
- Family history of melanoma
- Having multiple, irregular and/or large moles, or freckles
- Easily burning before tanning
- Being of fair complexion
- Having blue/green eyes, or blond, red or light brown hair
- Having a suppressed immune system due to certain medical problems or medications
- Using medications that make your skin more sensitive to light
Learn more about skin cancer, including prevention tips and treatment options.
