Many people think of their bodies as being made up of trillions of cells. They may not realize there are also trillions of microorganisms inside of each of us that have a tremendous impact on our overall health.
The gut microbiome refers to bacteria, viruses, fungi and other microscopic living things that reside in the digestive tract. Together, they make up their own living, functioning organ. You were born with a certain microbiome and it evolves as you grow. It can change with your diet or environmental factors. Generally, when someone has a higher microbiome diversity, they feel healthier. But when there’s an imbalance, it can lead to certain diseases.
“It’s no surprise that gastrointestinal issues, like irritable bowel syndrome, can relate to the gut microbiome,” says SSM Health Family Medicine Physician Dr. Roopa Shah. “But an unhealthy gut microbiome can also lead to things like obesity and cancer.”
Gut microbiome can also impact mental health too. The gut is connected to the central nervous system and can alter the release of hormones. When gut health is compromised, hormones can become imbalanced.
“Serotonin is sometimes known as the ‘feel-good chemical’ because it can help ward off anxiety and depression," says Dr. Shah. “It is a neurotransmitter primarily located in the gut, so it is fair to say that a balanced microbiome can lead to better moods.”
What can we do to help our gut microbiome? There are two options: Probiotics and prebiotics.
Similar to the microorganisms in your gut, probiotics contain live bacteria. Yogurt, sauerkraut and kombucha are popular sources. “Prebiotics, on the other hand, are foods that stimulate bacteria growth in the gut,” says Dr. Shah. “They’re mainly fibers and carbs your body can’t digest, but your gut bacteria can.”
Bananas, oats, berries and legumes are popular prebiotic sources. If you’re concerned about your digestive health, talk with your primary care provider. SSM Health also has a team of gastroenterologists that can diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions. To learn more, visit ssmhealth.com.
